The best example was the Église Saint-Jean-de-Montmartre, begun in 1894 by architect Anatole de Baudot. URL : http://ema.revues.org/2891. The city required that a competition be held, which was won by Victor Laloux. It in fact encompasses all of the country’s recent history, beginning with the French occupation of Egypt (1798-1801); it is a byword for the “Egypt of bygone days,” and it sometimes loose sense of chronological and historical accuracy (dates and historical facts are often confused) to the extent of clearly distinguishing it from the French meaning of the term, which precisely designates the first decade of the twentieth century. 48 URL: http://www.urbanharmony.org. The first part of the project was carried out in the 1880s. Yesterday’s heroes were suspected of being today’s villains, while yesterday’s villains were somehow being gradually rehabilitated as the makers of an Egyptian Belle Époque for which a growing nostalgia is today in evidence.28, 19The desire to reconsider the conventional narrative is one of the striking aspects of the literature of Egyptian history written over the past twenty years. 215 from 1952, an object had to date from before 1879 (end of the reign of the khedive Ismail) to be protected as cultural heritage, although the law did allow for exceptions for “any object or building whose conservation the Council of Ministers has deemed to be of national interest.”20 This definition was replaced, in the law of 1983 (amended by law no. The new station was inaugurated on July 4, 1900, just in time for the Exposition. In the early 20th century, Queen María Cristina decided that San Sebastián was to be the royal summer home. The central building, the Palais de Trocadero, was constructed in a picturesque neo-Moorish or neo-Byzantine style by architect Gabriel Davioud, whose other notable works, built for Napoleon III, included the two theaters on the Place du Chatelet and the Fontaine Saint-Michel. It was used again in the 1900 Exposition. This building, opened in 1900, was built to house the Instituto Provincial de Segunda Enseñanza school. Then, in 1989, the emergence of the term “Belle Époque” resulted in a new narrative context and in the beginning of its induction into the consecrated historiography. 500/1997. 22Let us back up ten years. It is telling that the fifth or sixth result given when the term “Belle Époque” is entered into a search engine refers directly to the Egyptian case. While it would be deemed dissonant heritage by postcolonial theory because of its connections to the colonial era, the legacy of “Belle Époque” has emerged since 1989 as a priceless gem worth preserving. Nénot placed the most striking features of the building in the interior, in the vestibule with its great arches and its two symmetrical stairways leading to the balconies and to the grand hall of the Council of the University, placed under a cupola completely open up to the second floor. 27The general philosophy of the project was detailed in a preface by Hosni Mubarak for the museum’s brochure emphasizing that the purpose of the undertaking was “above all to maintaining the nation’s historical memory and its awareness of the events these buildings have witnessed through the ages.”46Patriotic tone aside, this text-manifesto clearly expresses a change in the official position towards the history of contemporary Egypt—a more distanced position, careful to track the physical traces of the past and to render them public, in a gesture that undoubtedly reflects an understanding of the rules of “good governance” championed by Egypt’s American ally. His other new bridge, originally the Pont de Passy, now called the Pont de Bir-Hakeim, carries pedestrians and traffic on one level, and a Metro line, supported by slender iron pillars. Its roulette tables and Dance Hall, currently the Plenary Hall, provided entertainment for politicians, writers and artists in the Belle Epoque period. A competition for ideas on how to revitalize the city center of Cairo, one of the main architectural enclaves of the “Belle Époque,” was launched in 2009, and the prize was given to the American company aecom, specialists in “global architecture,” in association with an Egyptian team called Associated Consultants.
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