James F. Pankow, Marguerite C. Marks, Kelley C. Barsanti, Abdullah Mahmud, William E. Asher, Jingyi Li, Qi Ying, Shantanu H. Jathar, Michael J. Kleeman. Measurement of nonvolatile particle number size distribution. Products and pathways for the reaction of hydroxyl with aromatic hydrocarbons, Soot aging from OH-initiated oxidation of toluene, Formation of highly oxygenated low-volatility products from cresol oxidation, Proton transfer reaction rate constants between hydronium ion (H, Experimental product study of the OH-initiated oxidation of, Quantification of hydroxycarbonyls from OH−isoprene reactions, Comment on “Primary atmospheric oxidation mechanism for toluene.”, Density functional theory derived intermediates from the OH initiated atmospheric oxidation of toluene, Atmospheric photooxidation of alkylbenzenes—II. A test rig was designed and fabricated to collect experimental data. [2005] found a range of refractive indices of about 1.37–1.63 for the real part at 670 nm; with minimal absorption at wavelengths above 400 nm. Physics, Solar The α‐ and β‐pinene (Fluka, 98.5%) and toluene (Aldrich, 99.8%) were used as received. Because of the polar nephelometer detection limits, most of our experiments were performed with significantly higher initial hydrocarbon concentrations, and as a result higher SOA mass concentrations than those for which density measurements have been made, we used density values at the low end of the literature reports. by breaking them down into smaller, more easily identifiable pieces. Geodynamics of the Latin American Pacific Margin. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions. Number of times cited according to CrossRef: Effects of SO2 on optical properties of secondary organic aerosol generated from photooxidation of toluene under different relative humidity conditions. [31] There are three previous laboratory measurements of SOA to which we can compare our results. Ask your question. The absolute error associated with the mr retrieval is ±0.03, and the instrument has sufficient sensitivity to achieve reliable retrievals for particles larger than about 200 nm. S. Kundu, T. A. Quraishi, G. Yu, C. Suarez, F. N. Keutsch, E. A. You can request the full-text of this article directly from the authors on ResearchGate. The values are in general agreement with our results. The retrievals reported here use a GA method and assume size distributions are lognormal and monomodal. Estimation of rate coefficients and branching ratios for gas-phase reactions of OH with aromatic organic compounds for use in automated mechanism construction. 160mg/m3 toluene conversion reached 89.9% at a peak voltage of 40kV and with a residence time of 4s in the reactor photo-catalytic electrode. Figure 1b shows the evolution of particle numbers, mean diameter, and integrated scattering (βsca). ~~ \textrm{O}_3}][\displaystyle{2. Assistance with experiments from Ying Wang is gratefully acknowledged. Dix-sept intermédiaires réactionnels ont été détectés et quantifiés en phase gazeuse (benzaldéhyde, crésols, aldéhydes, cétones…). A Portable High-Resolution Polar Nephelometer for Measurement of the Angular Scattering Properties of Atmospheric Aerosol: Design and Validation. This reaction is often used to identify the structure of unknown alkenes. Online ISSN 1091-6490. Seismic Anisotropy and Mantle Flow Driven by the Cocos Slab Under Southern Mexico. [2005] values are expected to be slightly higher than ours (by up to 0.02) because the measurements were made at different wavelengths. . Environmental Science & Technology Letters. For α‐ and β‐pinene ozonolysis, SOA mr ranges from 1.4 to 1.5 and, within the resolution of our method and bounds of our experiments, is not affected by the addition of an OH scavenger, and is only slightly dependent on the aerosol mass concentration. Evidence of formation of epoxide intermediates. Ozonolysis, or ozonolysis-reduction, refers to the treatment of an alkene with ozone followed by a suitable reducing agent to break down complex double-bond-containing compounds into smaller, more easily identified products. Evolution of the complex refractive index in the near UV spectral region in ageing secondary organic aerosol. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Both biopolyesters under study are characterized by superior gas barrier performances with respect to PEF and PET. Our yield data bear out the expected trends; where we have pairs or sets of similar experiments, yields appear to be higher at lower temperatures, higher initial HC/NOx ratios, and higher aerosol mass in the chamber. W F L M Hoeben, F J C M Beckers, A J M Pemen, E J M van Heesch, W L Kling. These are common laboratory mimics for ambient SOA. Database for Humid Air Plasmas. Lienert et al. PSL particles smaller than about 500 nm are not used for calibration as they have a tendency to clump into dimers which cannot be modeled with the single particle Mie‐Lorenz solution. Join now. Quantum chemical calculations were performed with the Gaussian 09 suite of programs (45). The 1 LPM aerosol sample flow is confined to the center of the scattering plane by a 10 LPM sheath flow. Filter samples for gravimetric analysis were collected on preweighed 47 mm Teflon filters (Pallflex) for 5−10 min at 30 LPM toward the end of the experiments. The chamber is described in detail by Chung et al. The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. The scrubbed air has < 50 particles cm−3, and NOx (Thermo Electron model 14B/E), O3 (Dasibi 1001‐RS), and organics (GC, HP 5890‐II) levels below the 1 ppb detection limits. Kinetics and thermochemistry of the gas-phase reactions of 4-ethylpyridine with OH radical: A DFT study. Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Diagnostics for Spatiotemporal OH Evolution in Pulsed Corona Discharge. Measured particle number concentrations were corrected for size‐dependent wall loss, using coefficients determined from separate wall loss experiments. We used highly sensitive single-particle mass spectrometers to, Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. Soc., 2002, 124, 3824-3825. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Temperatures span a moderate range (medians vary by 4°–9°C depending on hydrocarbon, Table 1) and do not appear to explain the observed variability. Geometry optimization of the relevant species were executed at the M06-2X level with the standard 6-311G(d,p) basis set [M06-2X/6-311G(d,p)]. The air flow rate was 15 to 43 cubic meters per hour, and the temperature ranged. and Paleomagnetism, History of Secondary reactions were effectively suppressed in our experiments because of the short reaction time in the flow reactor (on the order of about 50 ms). Kinetic isotope effects and rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of three deuterated toluenes with OH from 298 to 353 K. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics. Reinvestigation of the Deceptively Simple Reaction of Toluene with OH and the Fate of the Benzyl Radical: The “Hidden” Routes to Cresols and Benzaldehyde. ↵3Present address: The Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706. To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the authors. For selected experiments, an OH scavenger (cyclohexane) was injected. Ozonolysis refers to the organic chemical reaction where ozone is employed to cleave the unsaturated bonds of alkenes, alkynes, and azo compounds (compounds with the functional diazenyl functional group The details of the chamber experiments are available elsewhere (Chung et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2010). Kinetics Study of the Aromatic Bicyclic Peroxy Radical + NO Reaction: Overall Rate Constant and Nitrate Product Yield Measurements. A 1.4-million-year-old handaxe made from hippopotamus bone expands the known technological repertoire of early human ancestors. Enhanced Light Scattering of Secondary Organic Aerosols by Multiphase Reactions. Retrieved refractive indices for the SOA vary between 1.38 and 1.61, depending on several factors. Find the power, Four different between diamond and graphite, 4. Calibration constants and multiplicative corrections for the measured voltages from the polar nephelometer used in this study. Observation of viscosity transition in α-pinene secondary organic aerosol. Regeneration of Hopcalite used for the adsorption plasma catalytic removal of toluene by non-thermal plasma. contributed equally to this work. This level of theory has been successfully applied to atmospheric reactions (46, 47). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00447, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123877, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117451, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119422419.ch3, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00214-019-2500-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.01.001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.293, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55870-5_7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.001, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-015-2749-3, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11224-014-0418-2, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.122, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-31441-2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.041, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.534.309, https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/45/5/055202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-32795-2012, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119972471.ch3, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2010.12.015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.027.
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