Learn English idioms with …. 1. – When the reported verb is in the past, but the reported words are “always true” Eg: Harry told me he still likes you. 0000017781 00000 n 0000017212 00000 n �� ��v��u��Q�j�TPq%�4����� �mɌ�9��$�a�hx�qta�߬#�P�Jh��Fqc1=/į�ܽ0�w�̟a.q x�b```���s����(�����A�� ��]��r�"��K�\�2�ZݦH��2 Direct and Indirect Speech. ]qW�Z�0X�@r��N��Q)A��˺�]� A change of pronouns 2. – When the message is being repeated immediately after it was said GrammarBank PDF eBooks Click Here. 0000004550 00000 n Tense Changes When Using Reported Speech in English, What’s the Difference between TO and FOR? What is Another Word for TESTICLE? 0000001377 00000 n On the other hand, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech: The changes are shown in the following table. 17 28 0000005792 00000 n 0000012389 00000 n being reported. startxref -> She said everybody had to obey the rules. TESTICLE: Synonyms and Related Words. If the situation is, 3. https://www.directindirectspeech.com Page 1 Direct and Indirect Speech Rules PDF Table of Contents Identify Reported Speech and Reported Speech Direct and Indirect Speech Punctuation Rules Use of Conjunction “that” Rules for Changing Pronouns in Indirect Speech Indirect Speech Rules for All Tenses Rules for Change in Time and Adverb in Indirect Speech GrammarBank.com. 0000012159 00000 n P R. R AGALA---If the reporting verb and the Direct Speech are in the same tenses, there is no tense change in Reported Speech. M 4� ���ɕ��abaH���W�GG'hb 0000002152 00000 n %PDF-1.7 %���� Reported speech: He said (that) all the money would have been spent. o� @����u8{��&U��5�W Sometimes there are no tense changes in indirect speech if: – When the reporting verb is in the present. These tenses change according to the following pattern: Consider changes in the following example: ‘I finished my Master’s degree last year.’ ‘I was reading your company’s website when I decided to send in my CV.’ 1. SURPASS: Synonyms and Related Words. 0000003107 00000 n ��f������呩�˨Vy��6�.D�����.x.���T�ULS���þ���| �]�-2�T!Z��T4�U5wr�8/4�ӛYf�g�l��? trailer <<42F489D7B69A7F4998F1725F0C36F85A>]>> h�\��j�0��W����_(�Ҭ����vaz�&Zb���u�}���wkȍ��ű$�� Julia said she had finishedher Master’s degree the previous year. TENFOLD: Synonyms and Related Words. When we use our own words to report speech, there are several things that we change: The general rule is that present tenses in direct speech change to past tenses in reported speech. �#��P>QOR�B6I�� 0000002858 00000 n 0000000016 00000 n 7س�l.UKJO���'�D�ߜ�v�[��3_K����S�(�'|cw�t @�d�1C`)x�{~�g�ye����-����eu�@�a2��S�!UnO��l�ȉ��3��i�6��VD���E4<9�\n�"��!I#�`|K"� �f � %%EOF Reported speech tense shifting chart showing indirect speech to direct speech tense shift-- Present simple to past simple, present continuous to past continuous, etc. Adjective and Adverbs - Downloadable PDF Worksheets for English Language Learners - Intermediate Level (B1) Home / B1 / Grammar / Reported Speech Reported Speech (B1) Reported speech: He said (that) she would have called a doctor. https://www.directindirectspeech.com Page 1 Direct and Indirect Speech Rules PDF Table of Contents Identify Reported Speech and Reported Speech Direct and Indirect Speech Punctuation Rules Use of Conjunction “that” Rules for Changing Pronouns in Indirect Speech Indirect Speech Rules for All Tenses Rules for Change in Time and Adverb in Indirect Speech 0000008307 00000 n 0000004131 00000 n Present Perfect Continuous, The Difference between NO and NOT in English, 10+ Common Conversational Structures in English, Prefixes and Suffixes – Definition and Examples …, 250+ Frequently Used Collocations List in English, Top 70+ Most Popular Contractions in English …, Commonly Confused Words: 7 English Word Pairs …, English Idioms: Learn English Idioms with Topics, Visual Dictionary: Vocabulary with Pictures, Commonly Confused Words: 7 English Word Pairs that Confuse Absolutely Everyone, Infinitives: List of 50+ Verbs Followed by Infinitives in English, SO and SUCH: Difference Between So and Such (with Useful Examples). 0 – When the reported verb is in the past, but the reported words are “always true”, – When the message is being repeated immediately after it was said, that is why french or even russian is better to learn, Prefixes and Suffixes in English! Here’s a summary of tense changes in reported speech: When we change direct speech to reported speech, we may need to make other natural, logical changes: ‘I finished my Master’s degree last year.’, LAST YEAR → THE LAST YEAR / THE PREVIOUS YEAR, ‘I’m taking a course in German this year.’, NEXT YEAR → THE NEXT YEAR / THE FOLLOWING YEAR, ‘My German course will finish next year.’, I’ll meet you here tomorrow for a coffee.’. 0000001191 00000 n 0000005159 00000 n A change in tense 3. 0000007737 00000 n What is Another Word for TEMP? endstream endobj 18 0 obj <> endobj 19 0 obj <> endobj 20 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 21 0 obj <> endobj 22 0 obj <> endobj 23 0 obj <> endobj 24 0 obj <> endobj 25 0 obj <> endobj 26 0 obj <>stream speech without any change of tense: PAUL (phoning from the station): I’m trying to get a taxi. -> Alex said he had finished his homework. You will see reported speech does not go back a tense if it is already in the past perfect (there is no further back it can go), and some modal verbs also do not change. These tenses change according to the following pattern: Consider changes in the following example: ‘I finished my Master’s degree last year.’‘I was reading your company’s website when I decided to send in my CV.’, ‘I have spent time in Japan.’‘I have been working as a secretary for two years.’. Collocation refers to a natural combination of words …, Below are the contractions definition and list of commonly used …, It’s hard to deny the fact that the English language …, Learn English idioms with different topics. Changes to time phrases Direct Quote Reported Speech Explanation Richard said, “I love learning grammar.” Richard said, “I have had difficulty with reported speech.” Richard said that he loved learning grammar. xref %PDF-1.6 %���� But indirect speech is usually introduced by a verb in the past tense. 2. Modal verbs in present tense change according to the following pattern: ‘I can speak English and French.’ ‘My German course will finish next year.’. -> He said (that) he wanted to watch a film. ���&��QC1 In general, past modal verbs don’t change. English Grammar: ANOTHER vs OTHER vs OTHERS vs THE OTHER, Suffixes: Words Ending with Suffixes “-ent/-ence” and “-ant/-ance”, Opposites: List of 100 Common Opposites in English, Verb Forms: List of Regular and Irregular Verbs in English, Learn English Grammar with Pictures: 15+ Grammar Topics, Prefixes: List of 50+ Common Prefixes in English. 5�#r�X���`�ߛ㕢����I*©Op �1�v�b=wyDi�mԩN�i%0 ap�)�����:o�������u�r�7��@F,m�R��X~�av:����o���L����C����C��xT��� nCv{��r�.������̇����f��+�,^��^�Tn�M�1���6�Y�I4�%�BA��a2@�x��e�8�8��c��4���Y1�8�>��Bc��٩�=��>"�S��jM�߈�\ >�� $�W��5�42^}��r��-CJ��2&�_ǭ8�L}�W�Gi�CO)�W�c��^�;�j4R TEMP: Synonyms and Related Words. ENGLISH GRAMMAR Reported Speech 3 All those changes represent the distancing effect of the reported speech. Changes in verbal tenses: When the introductory verb (the main verb) is in the present tense, the verb of the words we are reporting doesn‟t change: e.g. Richard said that he has had difficulty with reported speech. Present Simple and Present Continuous. �E��|:��F��p�'rr�� �. %PDF-1.4 %����
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