Phosphodiester linkages form between the 5’ end of one nucleotide and the 3’ hydroxyl group of another nucleotide, forming a polymer with one open 5’ end and one open 3’ end. The unique structure of a DNA polymer provides a template for identification and delivery of the information inside each gene and for accurate replication of DNA during cell division. Nucleic acids are macromolecules, and these macromolecules contain the information necessary for life. Deoxyribose is a ribose derivative in which an oxygen atom is missing from one carbon; the carbon was deoxygenated. Which of the following characteristics is not true for saturated fats? What molecule is joined with glucose to form lactose? What type of protein facilitates or accelerates chemical reactions? What are the monomers that make up proteins called? If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, Each nucleotide includes one nitrogenous base, attached to the 1’ carbon of the sugar. Which of the following is a function of proteins in cells? Other RNA molecules are active, three-dimensional products that provide enzymatic or regulatory functions inside cells. An enormous body of … Possibly the first biomolecules to support life, nucleic acids store and transfer cellular information and transfer energy in all living organisms. Energy is released as a result of which of the following chemical reactions? Inside cells, nucleic acid synthesis occurs by formation of new phosphodiester linkages at the 3’ end of a growing polymer. This book is Creative Commons Attribution License Nucleic acids are polymers of individual nucleotide monomers. This material helps transfer, maintain and recreate DNA and RNA so as to encourage ongoing health and sustainability in living beings. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. A nitrogenous base is an organic molecule containing both carbon and nitrogen atoms. not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University. & What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? Nucleic AcidsLearn why a DNA molecules is shaped like a twisted ladder. View desktop site. Imagine creating a 5-nucleotide chain using only the 4 DNA nucleotides. Which fat has the least number of hydrogen atoms? Although less complex than protein structure, RNA polymers frequently form three-dimensional structures specific to their function. A phosphate group is attached to the 5’ carbon position, the carbon atom that is outside the sugar ring. In this activity, you will select the nucleotide and position to form a phosphodiester linkage. All DNA nucleotides contain the sugar deoxyribose and one of four different nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine. What is removed during the formation of nucleic acid polymers? © 1999-2020, Rice University. With only four different nucleotides, it seems impossible that DNA could encode enough information to produce the millions of different proteins and functional RNA molecules that yield such a vast diversity of living organisms. However, the order and choice of nucleotides allows an almost infinite number of possible sequences. Reactions that remove the outermost phosphate group (forming adenosine diphosphate, or ADP) release energy for use in other chemical reactions. What is cholesterol specifically classified as? It is found in both deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid, the two substances used for creating life and forming new cells. During the breakdown of polymers, which of the following reactions takes place? Want to cite, share, or modify this book? Besides its use in hormone production, for what does the body use cholesterol? Purines are double-ring nitrogenous bases found in nature and include adenine and guanine.
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